world_war_one

World War 1

Essential Questions:

 * When is global conflct inevitable?
 * Doe anyone really win in a war?
 * Do Alliances cause wars or prevent them?
 * Should peace treaties be fair or favor the winner?

1/23/12 Complete the **Picture Detective Strategy** for the picture below

1. Ask a question 2. What clues do you get from the picture 3. What message is the picture sending?

1.Why is the car stopped while the shot occurs?

2. men in driver area look back to injured man in car, faces do not look angry or surprised (not doing anything) injured man wearing red woman holds the injured man, confused (neck looks snapped due to being hit) man pointing gun toward injured man, face hidden (plain looking clothes) car is stopped and closed, but has only 1 sheet of glass seperating the passangers from drivers, the convertable top was open people are looking onto the event from afar happens during day 3. The attack of the man in the passenger seat was planned and expected by the drivers.

Eye-witness views Depending on who is asked for the event, both the Archduke and his wife died at different speeds than expected. While one account stated that both died instantly, the other states that there was time for the car to back up and for Ferdinand to speak his concern for his wife. But besides the speed of their deaths, the Archduke's attackers had planned several cases, in which Princip's attempt was the last hope, prepared in case of Ferdinand's potential fleeing of the city. Ferdinand's men even knew that the attempts to kill would continue throughout the day, though obvious, it appears as if they planned to bring the Archduke toward the enemy. With the funding from Serbia, the assassination group would have ample opportunity to destroy the car carrying Ferdinand, but they had refused to openly injure unneccessary by-standers, thus creating the idea that they were anarchists, but not terrorists. Following the assassination however, Princip appears to be attacked, as if it would allow him to repent for the killing of Ferdinand. His attack appears to be more brutal than necessary, though through the eyes of a fellow assassinator.
 * Read the different eyewitness accounts on the assisnation.**
 * here**
 * What did you learn from these eyewitnesses?**

**Reflection:** **Of all the "Firsts" what impressed you the most and why?** The first x-ray machine would be most important to me. The use of x-ray to examine the human body allowed for previously unknown and harmful traits to be solved and treated. But x-rays are not limited to just humans, they can benefit animals as well. Beside the fact that x-rays have benefitted the world through its use, it also inspired and led to other machines to help health. From CAT scans to MRI, the x-ray branched off into a new field of technology and science. It is almost saddening to know that such a device could only come from the destructive forces of war.
 * Video on all the "firsts provided by WWI:**

**Causes of World War I:**

Read the causes of WWI presented in the link here Complete the attached graphic organizer to summarize your reading and what you gained from visuals provided

1/25/12 Map Activity The Allied powers included Italy, France, Portugal, Britain, Greece, Russia, Romania, and Serbia.
 * Writing Piece using the above organizer:**
 * Identify the Allied Powers (sometimes called the Triple Entente)**

The Bulgarians, Germans, Austria-Hungary,and the Ottomans
 * Who were the Central Powers (also known initially as the Triple Alliance)**

The Western Front starts in France, at the point where it meets Belgium down to Switzerland. It then continues on the Northeast most part of Italy.
 * Where is the Western Front? It begins and ends where?**

The Eastern Front existed mainly in Russia, coming down from a peninsula in the Baltic Sea down into Austria-Hungary and out to the Western part of Romania, into the Black Sea.
 * Identify the Eastern Front.**

The neutral states provided buffer between the two powers on the Western front. It allowed the Central Powers to attack without damaging much of their own lands, as the transversing the neutral states brought the fight to France. It also limited the help Portugal could provide, as Spain remained neutral and stood before its path. Meanwhile, the seas north of the Central Powers were mainly bordering neutral states, protecting them from another attack front.
 * How, geographically, did neutral states impact the war?**


 * Section One Key Terms:**

1/26/12
 * Opener: Complete timeline activity: [[file:time+line+activity.doc]]**

** Opener on quotes :**


 * View the photo gallery** **gallery of Trench Warfare at this site:** click here
 * In pargraph form, describe your impressions of trench warfare (based on what you saw)**

Trench warfare is a long and slow process that led to casualties that could have been prevented otherwise. Seeing the conditions that the men had to live in (last picture), I could see that the tension was low at times. This is probably due to the slow process of trench warfare, as the collection of supplies and the right timing is required to push back the enemy troops. The showing of the closeness of trenches surprised me, as I had believed there to be at least several feet between the trenches. That would provide better protection from shells and gas, but cause longer travel times, which meant that danger would be greater while traveling. Either way, the 420,000 men lost in the British army would have suffered equally. The fact that each of the trenches were well built and had bunkers would probably prove to be a deciding factor. Not only does it allow for easier surprise attacks, should the enemy reach the trench, there are still areas for guerrilla style defence. But it must have been frightening regardless to see a tank scale the trenches. Aside from its sheer power alone, the fact that the trenches no longer provided support lowers morale.


 * a link that describes the life of a soldier in the Trenches: here**


 * what you learned and your impressions of the trenches in the document provided:[[file:Notes on Trench Warfare.doc]]**

1/27/12 a link to interactive trench warfare game. **Try a few scenarios and the write a brief reflection on what you found out about warfare in WWI**:here

In truth, a simple analysis of the description of the day will provide the ideas needed to win. As for defensive strategies, tanks were not mobile enough to be useful. Their hard armor is only good for strong attacks. Their size is also limiting, which means retreating was a possibility. But retreating was a costly move, as it led to the deaths of infantry while the tank backed up. Gas could kill easily, if the opponent had not already been constantly prepared for such. Wind also blows it off course, enabling the death of one's own men. Rain also dilutes the gas, making it ineffective in either case. Artillery strikes are capable of damaging the opponents only if they had not already been prepared in their trenches. Its inaccuracy could also lead to friendly deaths. Airplanes were still new and thus, not as nimble as hoped. They are also hard to steer and weak, making them hard to rely on. Mines take too long to place, require targets to be right on them, and are undetectable by both sides, causing casualties. Blimps allow for reconnaissance, which is always a plus unless they are unable to see. After that, they just become easy targets. Both blimps and airplanes, once shot down, become weapons once again, raining down onto either the enemy or an ally side. Machine guns were heavy, but effective if providing stationary defense. Otherwise, it is deadweight and unnecessary for attack. Infantry is the basis of all armies. Yet, humans are easily killed by the bullets and shells. As a result, infantry is more effective in enclosed areas where protection is easily found, such as in deep forests or trenches (defensively). Trench warfare is thus a combination of trial and error. It is long and painful, but unavoidable at the time.

1/31/12
 * Read about Battles on the Western Front on pages 388-389 of your text **.


 * Take notes on the graphic organizer provided:[[file:Battles+of+the+Western+Front.docx]] **

2/1/12
 * Reflection of Video: Battle of the Somme**

Men left with high spirits and were met with small trenches. The men would work as ordered to perform the tasks given. These tasks included setting up gear. The men, after reaching the trenches, have to charge forward to get to the next trench. As a result, those too slow would have to wait. Some who were fast enough to leave the trenches were not fast enough to escape the shells and bullets. Out of the men who reached the trenches, many were not able to last longer than a few minutes. A total of 623,000 died after the battle, over 20,000 British troops died the first day.


 * Section 2 Terms:[[file:Section+2+Terms.docx]]**

http://armeniandebate.weebly.com/
 * Armenian Massacre: **
 * Past NHD project on Armenian Genocide:[|here]**
 * Activity for home page : **
 * 1. Read the background of the people who wrote the song **
 * 2. Listen to the lyrics of the song and write your impressions of the song **

The song starts very slowly, but picks up in pace, almost as if to act like someone's life just after a genocide. The lyrics also follow a similar pattern, where the beginning is unfocused, but as the song continued, it would pick up in purpose and reason. Asking for death to join the rest seems extreme, but shows exactly how many would feel, as they themselves have nothing left afterward, making them start fresh. But at the end, the song rejoices for the singer's life. It doesn't make anything better, but allows the listener to understand that time eases a little bit of the pain, that we should celebrate that someone survived. The singer calls the day lonely possibly because it can be assumed that almost no one can understand the feeling of loss that many of the Armenians had, just as any who lived through genocides. It mentions a day that the singer would never miss. This day could have two meanings, despairing over the loss of everything on that day; or paying respect to those who died on that day, such as important relatives.

Written by children of survivors of genocide. Lonely day = no one accepts genocide or no one left to be with


 * Click on the tab: Armenia in the Ottoman Empire : **


 * Comment on the following in your wiki: **

The Armenians suffered all forms of religious segregation. From higher taxes to fewer rights (especially in courts), the Armenian people lived poor lives. The fact that the Turks could do this showed that the Armenian people did not have the ability or the will to take action against the Turks, who were weakening in power anyway. Their decision could have been influenced by their Christian religion.
 * 1. Treatment of the Armenians before the massacre **

The Armenians were Christian people within a Muslim population, creating hatred in their direction. This is a direct cause of their treatment as well. But another reason was their eventual gain in power in politics and jobs. Angered by the possibility of change, the Sultan began the killings. The fact that the Muslims would do this enforces the idea that religion played a strong part of nationalism. The nationalism of the Turks continued to grow with the existence of the Armenians. In the eyes of nationalism, there is little doubt that the killings were a good choice.
 * 2. Reasons for the Treatment: **

**3. Hamidian Massacres** Sultan Abdul-Hamid II believed in his empire having a single religion, his religion of Muslim. As a result, it required him to deal with the Armenians, either converting them or otherwise. Abdul-Hamid II chose not to convert the Armenians in 1895, rather, he would destroy them. It seems that it was equally fair to simply remove the Armenians through deportation. That would not only require fewer resources, but also spare the lives of the Armenians. But to Hamid, there was no difference, as he was probably born and raised into believing that the Armenians were not worth the trouble. **4. Listen to and reflect on "The Armenian Massacre Song"** The music itself feels very strong throughout, on both sides of the first shift. It promotes the feeling of an attack onto the Turks. The second shift brings the guitar solo and then it goes back into the promotion of attack. The lyrics themselves focus more on the aspect of what happened after the genocides and what is to come. It's threats unifies the general feelings of the Armenian people and gives a great representation of both the Armenians and Turks, as both must feel this toward one another. It does go into detail, saying that it hiding is not an option, as the Armenians have suffered for too long to continue to stay back. And it continues to say that a fire will burn back the land. This could be saying that the Armenians will do just as the Turks had done to them; driven off and stripped of property. And unlike the previous song, this one states of the pride to be a survivor. While the first song does rejoice at surviving in the end, it is not a sense of pride.


 * Click on Tab: Armenia in 1915-1917:**
 * **Read about what occurred to the Armenians during this time period and view the photos provided**
 * **In a pargraph summarize what you learned about the treatment of Armenians during this time period**

The Armenians suffered from long traveling in desert lands. The males would be killed outright, if not tortured first. The younger females would be abused as well as sold as slaves to the Turkish, eventually becoming wives. The children were either forced to convert to Muslim or killed after being abducted. Even if they had converted, they would soon die as orphans. In addition to the deaths of the people, the Turks were sure to kill the culture as well. Destroying almost everything related to the Armenians, the left over lands were distributed to the Turks. After 1917, the genocide ended, which allowed for over 1 million Armenians to continue living their lives. But with the Turk's control of their land, they could only spread to other nations, asking for understanding. Since then, the debate has been whether the event actually was a genocide, which most nations do not accept. Overall, it is believed that if the Turks accept the event to be a genocide, there would no longer need to be a debate on the subject.
 * Click on the tab More....**
 * Summarize what you gained from each of the following subtopics:**
 * 1. Armenia after the genocide**

The Turk's main strategy was to hide as much of the evidence as possible. By having the Armenians march into the deserts, evidence would be hard to find. This, in addition to the solitude of the region itself, would allow for strong denials that the opposition could not prove wrong. In addition, the destruction of property would prove to be great in the defence that nothing had happened. But with the strong denials and defensive actions taken by Turkey according to the recognition of the event by various people, it makes some wonder why the Turks try so hard to deny something that "never happened".
 * 2. Turkey's response**

The Armenians focus onto having recognition and reparations for the genocide. They know that money and power cannot make up for the loss of lives, but they believe that the Turks should be punished for having done such an evil deed. Their hopes were to prevent Turkey from joining the UN. With 21 nations recognizing the events as a genocide, the strongest opposition is Turkey and the US itself. Some say that the US only opposes due to its reliance on Turkey. It is also understood that Turkey is a strong military power. Even without recognizing the genocide, 42 states within the US have decided to accept it regardless of the nation as a whole.
 * 3. World's response**

2/8/12
 * ** Complete the Who, What, When, Where, and why of the following two events. You may use your text and the internet to complete the activity **:

‍ **The Sinking of the Lusitania: **


__ **Who** __: Lusitania- ship travelling from Liverpool, England to New York, USA, it was designed to fit as a warship if needed. It could take on additional weapons. It had been carrying ammunition and contraband for the Allied Forces during the war. 1119 of the 1924 people onboard died, with 114 being Americans Walter Schwieger and the German navy sank the Lusitania __ **What: ** __ The German navy, knowing that the Lusitania had been supplying the Allied Powers with ammunition and contraband, felt necessary to attack. The ocean liner had been both a luxury cruise and a potential weapon the the US, as it could convert to a battleship. As a result of the U-boat attacks, Walter Schwieger would sink the Lusitania, causing the death of over 1000 people, 114 of which were Americans.

**__When__: ** September of 1907 left Liverpool to New York May 1915 set out to Liverpool from New York

**__Where__: ** Was made in Liverpool Set out for England from New York in 1915, May 1st Around the Coast of Ireland was the attack site

__ **Why/Significance: ** __ The death of Americans would enrage the US, as well as support the president's (Woodrow Wilson) dislike of the Germans. As a result, Germany was forced to send warnings and safeguards for ships with passengers, but America would join the war in 2 years.

**The Zimmerman Note: **
=**two links for the Zimmerman Telegram:**=



__ **Who** __: America- Admiral Sir William Hall, Arthur Balfour (Foreign Minister), Woodrow Wilson Germany- Authur Zimmermann (German Foreign Secretary) Mexico- Ambassador Heinrich von Eckardt and Venustiano Carranza (president)

__ **What: ** __ Germany offered alliance and territory to Mexico in trading a war with America. It would then be rejected due to the military power difference between Mexico and America. Another reason included the lack of transportable supplies, as most came from England.

**__When__: ** February 1, 1917 Germany begins to attack North American ships January 16th of 1917, the telegram was sent to the US, coded.

**__Where__: ** Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona were offered to Mexico by Germany.

__ **Why/Significance ** __ The fact that Mexico had rejected the German plan showed that at that point in time, America was already a major force. This would allow for it to gain a stronger global hold on the planet even without colonizing as much as England.

**Here is a link that summarizes US entrance in WWI:here**

 * Watch the video
 * travel through the exhibit

**In Paragraph form summize the role the United States played in World War I**


 * **Type summary into wiki .....or/**
 * **Create word documen** t **entitled US Role in WWI and attach it as a file**

Though the United States did not originally start in the war, it joined soon after Germany's decision to attack trade ships (which had actually carried supplies for the Allies). Joining the war would mean for an economy boost in America, as well as the need to draft men. But many men were volunteers, easily filling the ranks needed for training. With that, the United States army essentially solved the problem of war. With its fresh troops and supplies, the Allies would gain an edge that the equally tired Central Powers did not have. The United States army served as both front lines and support, enabling the Western Front to be pushed back into Germany in little time compared to the total length of the war.

2/9/12 Opener:

Activity:
 * Read the summary of the Treaty of Versailles here: [[file:Treaty+of+Versailles.docx]]

1. **List and summarize the major points of the Treaty**
 * Germany loses land in Belgium, Czechslovakia, Poland, West Prussia, and Upper Silesia. It would then return Alsace and Lorraine to France. Its colonies become parts of the League of Nations. Germany also loses control of the Rhineland, forced to remove itself and its military.
 * Germany must take in all the blame for WWI and was forced to pay reparations for all the damages in the war. But instead of completely removing Germany's power, a simple conscription was placed, limiting it to an army 100,000 strong and a navy with no ships over 100,000 tons. Submarines were also disallowed for the Germans, as was an air force. Germany would also suffer crime for starting war.
 * Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria try to revise punishments, failed.

2. **Predict how this treaty led to the rise of Hitler and ultimately WWII using evidence from the document** Having lost almost all of its power and land, Germany was in debt, especially with the reparations for the war. As a result, they would seek some form of control. Germany's inflation would not help ease the minds of the people. The Treaty of Versailles had also isolated various German leaders, which calls for the need of new leaders from the population. But the German Left-wing politicians (Socialists, Communists, and Jewish) let go of honor for peace during the war. This would allow Hitler to blame them for Germany's downfall.


 * Use the following graphic to summarize the costs of WWI:[[file:Costs of WWI.docx]]**

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